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Gender, non-binary gender identity - a linguistic and sociological approach of francophone speakers
Martínková, Lucie ; Suková Vychopňová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Jančík, Jiří (referee)
The thesis focuses on the issue of gender, in particular its non-binary conception, and investigates how the French language and Francophone society approach this area. The core chapters examine the multifaceted aspects of gender, incorporating sociocultural perspectives and linguistic approaches. In the first chapter, the thesis briefly scrutinizes the philosophy of language and linguistic culture in general. The second chapter explains pivotal concepts related to gender and introduces diverse cultural conceptions of gender. The third chapter describes key linguistic phenomena that pose challenges to achieving neutrality within the French language. The core of the linguistic part of the thesis is the fourth chapter, with the so-called écriture inclusive, inclusive writing, which at many points offers a solution to linguistic equality. The official forms of this approach in France and Canada are presented and its guiding principles are described. In addition, the thesis incorporates a proposal for a gender-neutral solution for the French language put forth by Florence Ashley, a legal and health activist specializing in transgender issues in Canada. The last chapter, chapter five, outlines reactions to the inclusive and gender-neutral form of the French language. The controversial debates that arose...
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Masculinity in the American Far-Right, Its Character, Radicalization and Risks of Violence
Kretíková, Veronika ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
The thesis focuses on the topic of masculinity within the American far right and aims to examine its nature, radicalization, and possible risks of violence. The thesis is based on a qualitative methodology and employs a comparative study method. The subject of the analysis are individual far-right organizations and movements operating on the American political scene. Specifically, five groups were selected, namely Proud Boys, Oath Keepers, Incel, Kingdom Identity Ministries and Nationalist Social Club. For each selected group, the research analysed their approach to violence and their views on gender-related issues. Analysis of the literature and individual case studies suggests that gender and with it also masculinity have a strong influence on the American far right. Issues related to gender resonate strongly among supporters of the American far-right movements and organizations that primarily consists of white men. As a result of this analysis, the radical construct of masculinity was found in three of the five selected far-right groups: Proud Boys, Incel, and the Nationalist Social Club. The research shows that violence is both an important aspect for supporters of the American far right and a tool they use to achieve their goals. When such an approach to violence is combined with a masculine...
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Analysis of the Depiction of Ukrainian Women in The First Months after the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
Vlčková, Tereza ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Gheorghiev, Olga (referee)
This diploma thesis regards the media construction of the portrayal of Ukrainian women in the context of the war in Ukraine. From the very beginning, the war was heavily covered by media, and gendered stereotypes began to manifest itself in the early days. In the theoretical part, therefore, the work deals with the construction of gender roles in war conflicts and sexualized violence, as well as the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The methodological part then presents research methods. These are quantitative content analysis, which aims to find out which topics are most often associated with Ukrainian women. The sources for quantitative analysis are articles from serious and tabloid online servers that contain selected keywords. From the sample are for critical discursive analysis selected articles with typical and also with deviating framing. The aim of the research is to map what framing of texts and setting of the agenda are the media using to portray the situation of Ukrainian women and what ideological structures this news framing has. Another research question is how the construction of masculinity and femininity in a war context is reflected in individual articles.
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Wearing Gender: Men's Take on Fashion
Hrušková, Zita ; Hrešanová, Ema (advisor) ; Benešovská, Barbora (referee)
The presented work deals with the male perspective on fashion and dressing. Clothing works with various means of communication, which are used with greater or lesser awareness of the individual. The main aim of this work is to find out how this communication is formed. In other words, it is a study of what goes into men's thinking and decision-making when it comes to clothing and what role their gender expression plays in this process. The work first presents several theoretical concepts that are inevitably connected with this topic. It is further enriched by qualitative research, which presents the mentioned topics in Czech context through 11 interviews with men of two age categories. Subsequent findings are approached through the lens of the grounded theory method. The key decision-making element turned out to be the everyday experience, which is manifested in the events in which men participate on a given day. An important aspect in men's lives are also external influences, which can come from a personal level, mainly represented by their life partners, or from a community level, exemplified by interests and leisure activities. These two main influential sources are covered by the overall social context, which sets general rules about what is appropriate or expected. In the case of the...
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Masculinity and its Crisis in the work of E. Hemingway, K. Kesey and Ch. Palahniuk
HOFFMANN, Daniel
The diploma thesis sets out to analyse and compare the portrayal of masculinity and its crisis in the novels The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway, One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey and Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk. Firstly, it defines masculinity as gender and it introduces the fundamental theoretical framework for gender analysis. The thesis focuses on gender and its key aspects, the relation of gender and human physiology, the theories of gender acquisition and the basic perspectives of understanding masculinity. After that, the thesis describes the concepts of hegemonic and toxic masculinity, followed by the debate about masculinity crisis as a political category and individual identity. The literary analysis of each novel introduces the life of the author as well as his literary and historical context. Initially, it analyses each male character separately so that it can later conclusively describe the ten examined key aspects of masculinity and its crisis in the novel. After the analysis of each novel, the thesis presents their comparison put in the historical context.
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Possible Uses of Camp in Interpretation of Czech Contemporary Cultural Background
DEMETER, Peter
Proposed dissertation is focusing on specific eccentric aesthetics based on hyperboles, ambivalent meanings and ironic attitude, which in Anglo-American background is so called camp derived from French. Camp origin can be found on the court of Louis XIV, where we can notice passionate tries to cultivate affected court-style culminating in baroque metaphor of the world as a theatre. Due to impact of modernity and postmodernity, scope of the camp extended to various cultural spheres and phenomenon began to corelate through its eccentricity with common marginality, respectively with something what is different from "normality" and "genuineness" also settled schemes of perception or ways of historical reflection. Goal of proposed dissertation is based on theoretical-historical interpretations to trace mentions of camp (mainly in literature) with focus on Czech background, where its rich interpretational potential can clarify most of social-cultural tendencies.
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Experiences of Vegan and Vegetarian Men Living in Turkey
Dinçer, Kemal ; Helman, Ivy Ann (advisor) ; Pavlík, Petr (referee)
Key words: Hegemonic masculinity, vegan, vegetarian, meat and men, masculinity. Although there have been many different academic studies on veganism/vegetarianism in recent years, there are limited studies specifically addressing vegan/vegetarian men. Considering the studies on this subject in Turkey, it is also seen that there is almost no research focusing on vegan and vegetarian men. This study aims to find the relation between men and meat and the role of this relationship in the experiences of vegan/vegetarian men in Turkey. Using hegemonic masculinity as a theoretical framework, I aim to illustrate if veganism/vegetarianism is popular among men in Turkey, in which environments and areas vegan and vegetarian men are exposed to negative experiences, what kind of reactions do they get in social environments and what institutions are directly or indirectly involved in the experience of vegan and vegetarian men. Additionally, my thesis researches the position of vegetarian and vegan men within Turkey-specific hegemonic masculinity practices. My work also specifically addresses the question of whether vegan and vegetarian men challenge this Turkey-specific hegemonic masculinity, and if so, how does the process take place.
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